HomeArts & CultureComment & FeaturesFilmLifestyleLiveMusicNewsPodcastsSportsTechnologyTelevisionTravel

A concerning census

27th Nov 2009

Invasive or beneficial to society? An imaginary question (Photo: Lucy Percival)

Inva­sive or ben­e­fi­cial to soci­ety? An imag­i­nary ques­tion (Photo: Lucy Percival)

Ques­tion­ing sex­ual ori­en­ta­tion on the cen­sus will be con­tro­ver­sial, warns Stephanie Jenner

TO great con­tro­versy, the Equal­ity and Human Rights Com­mis­sion (EHRC) are plan­ning to ask for the ques­tion, ‘are you straight, gay or bi?’ to be included in the 2011 census.

The EHRC believe that dif­fer­ent sex­ual ori­en­ta­tions should be recog­nised by the cen­sus so the data can be used by Cen­tral and Local Gov­ern­ment, Health Author­i­ties and other organ­i­sa­tions to tar­get resources effec­tively, plan for health ser­vices, edu­ca­tion, facil­i­ties and events, and there­fore improve the sit­u­a­tions for these minor­ity groups in their local areas. Addi­tion­ally, the chair of the EHRC, Trevor Phillips, has argued that it is vital to know how many gays, les­bians and bisex­u­als there are in Britain so the progress of equal­ity leg­is­la­tion can be mea­sured. The EHRC main­tains that it does not make sense to exclude the ques­tion when peo­ple are already asked about dis­abil­ity, race and religion.

How­ever, crit­ics view the ques­tion as an unwar­ranted inva­sion of pri­vacy. While for many, their sex­ual ori­en­ta­tion and prac­tices are very per­sonal, there are oth­ers who feel the same about reli­gion, eth­nic­ity or dis­abil­ity. The cen­sus is inva­sive, and it can get per­sonal, but unfor­tu­nately that is nec­es­sary to attain accu­rate data about a pop­u­la­tion. Also, the EHRC have accepted that answer­ing the ques­tion should be optional, thereby giv­ing those who do not want to divulge that infor­ma­tion, or those who are not sure of their answer, an escape. How­ever, when Gov­ern­ment data is being lost, mis­placed and ille­gally dis­closed at alarm­ing fre­quen­cies, can we trust that the indi­vid­ual answers will be kept private?

The main prob­lem I see with this ques­tion is how lim­it­ing it is. While the moti­va­tion appears to be gen­uinely for the good of those who have been or might be vic­tims of prej­u­dice, it does seem to demon­strate how much sex­u­al­ity is still mis­un­der­stood. Many peo­ple main­tain that sex­ual ori­en­ta­tion is not as sim­ply defin­able as gen­der, reli­gion or phys­i­cal dis­abil­ity. What of those peo­ple who are still not sure of their sex­ual ori­en­ta­tion? What of those who recog­nise that while they may have only had het­ero­sex­ual rela­tion­ships, there is a chance that that might not always be that way? What of those who believe they are homo­sex­ual, but have not expe­ri­enced it phys­i­cally? The ques­tion, ‘are you straight, gay or bi?’ shows no under­stand­ing of the spec­trum which many believe sex­ual ori­en­ta­tion exists as. As it stands, the phras­ing is extremely restric­tive as it demands peo­ple cat­e­gorise them­selves as one of three things, which sim­ply does not cover the wide range and vari­ety which per­sonal sex­u­al­ity evokes.

This ques­tion is opposed by the Office for National Sta­tis­tics (ONS), which is respon­si­ble for draw­ing up the cen­sus ques­tion­naire, as offi­cials believe the ques­tion is redun­dant because sex­u­al­ity is so intri­cate. A spokesman stated that sex­ual ori­en­ta­tion was too com­plex to be accu­rately assessed by a sin­gle ques­tion, and sug­gested that ‘a suite of ques­tions would be nec­es­sary to col­lect data on the dif­fer­ent dimen­sions of sex­ual ori­en­ta­tion, includ­ing attrac­tion, behav­iour and identity.’

How­ever, while there are undoubt­edly prob­lems con­cern­ing con­cep­tual dif­fi­cul­ties, and it is clear that the actual phras­ing and approach of the ques­tion requires some seri­ous work, it is impor­tant that pre­vi­ously ignored, invis­i­ble and dis­counted dif­fer­ences between peo­ple are now being recog­nised and catered for on a larger scale. A few decades ago, any devi­a­tion from ortho­dox het­ero­sex­u­al­ity was ille­gal, as it still is in many coun­tries. There­fore, any recog­ni­tion, how­ever crude or mis­guided, is an improve­ment as it has the poten­tial to bring about accep­tance and equality.