A concerning census
27th Nov 2009

Invasive or beneficial to society? An imaginary question (Photo: Lucy Percival)
Questioning sexual orientation on the census will be controversial, warns Stephanie Jenner
TO great controversy, the Equality and Human Rights Commission (EHRC) are planning to ask for the question, ‘are you straight, gay or bi?’ to be included in the 2011 census.
The EHRC believe that different sexual orientations should be recognised by the census so the data can be used by Central and Local Government, Health Authorities and other organisations to target resources effectively, plan for health services, education, facilities and events, and therefore improve the situations for these minority groups in their local areas. Additionally, the chair of the EHRC, Trevor Phillips, has argued that it is vital to know how many gays, lesbians and bisexuals there are in Britain so the progress of equality legislation can be measured. The EHRC maintains that it does not make sense to exclude the question when people are already asked about disability, race and religion.
However, critics view the question as an unwarranted invasion of privacy. While for many, their sexual orientation and practices are very personal, there are others who feel the same about religion, ethnicity or disability. The census is invasive, and it can get personal, but unfortunately that is necessary to attain accurate data about a population. Also, the EHRC have accepted that answering the question should be optional, thereby giving those who do not want to divulge that information, or those who are not sure of their answer, an escape. However, when Government data is being lost, misplaced and illegally disclosed at alarming frequencies, can we trust that the individual answers will be kept private?
The main problem I see with this question is how limiting it is. While the motivation appears to be genuinely for the good of those who have been or might be victims of prejudice, it does seem to demonstrate how much sexuality is still misunderstood. Many people maintain that sexual orientation is not as simply definable as gender, religion or physical disability. What of those people who are still not sure of their sexual orientation? What of those who recognise that while they may have only had heterosexual relationships, there is a chance that that might not always be that way? What of those who believe they are homosexual, but have not experienced it physically? The question, ‘are you straight, gay or bi?’ shows no understanding of the spectrum which many believe sexual orientation exists as. As it stands, the phrasing is extremely restrictive as it demands people categorise themselves as one of three things, which simply does not cover the wide range and variety which personal sexuality evokes.
This question is opposed by the Office for National Statistics (ONS), which is responsible for drawing up the census questionnaire, as officials believe the question is redundant because sexuality is so intricate. A spokesman stated that sexual orientation was too complex to be accurately assessed by a single question, and suggested that ‘a suite of questions would be necessary to collect data on the different dimensions of sexual orientation, including attraction, behaviour and identity.’
However, while there are undoubtedly problems concerning conceptual difficulties, and it is clear that the actual phrasing and approach of the question requires some serious work, it is important that previously ignored, invisible and discounted differences between people are now being recognised and catered for on a larger scale. A few decades ago, any deviation from orthodox heterosexuality was illegal, as it still is in many countries. Therefore, any recognition, however crude or misguided, is an improvement as it has the potential to bring about acceptance and equality.
A concerning census
27th Nov 2009
Invasive or beneficial to society? An imaginary question (Photo: Lucy Percival)
Questioning sexual orientation on the census will be controversial, warns Stephanie Jenner
TO great controversy, the Equality and Human Rights Commission (EHRC) are planning to ask for the question, ‘are you straight, gay or bi?’ to be included in the 2011 census.
The EHRC believe that different sexual orientations should be recognised by the census so the data can be used by Central and Local Government, Health Authorities and other organisations to target resources effectively, plan for health services, education, facilities and events, and therefore improve the situations for these minority groups in their local areas. Additionally, the chair of the EHRC, Trevor Phillips, has argued that it is vital to know how many gays, lesbians and bisexuals there are in Britain so the progress of equality legislation can be measured. The EHRC maintains that it does not make sense to exclude the question when people are already asked about disability, race and religion.
However, critics view the question as an unwarranted invasion of privacy. While for many, their sexual orientation and practices are very personal, there are others who feel the same about religion, ethnicity or disability. The census is invasive, and it can get personal, but unfortunately that is necessary to attain accurate data about a population. Also, the EHRC have accepted that answering the question should be optional, thereby giving those who do not want to divulge that information, or those who are not sure of their answer, an escape. However, when Government data is being lost, misplaced and illegally disclosed at alarming frequencies, can we trust that the individual answers will be kept private?
The main problem I see with this question is how limiting it is. While the motivation appears to be genuinely for the good of those who have been or might be victims of prejudice, it does seem to demonstrate how much sexuality is still misunderstood. Many people maintain that sexual orientation is not as simply definable as gender, religion or physical disability. What of those people who are still not sure of their sexual orientation? What of those who recognise that while they may have only had heterosexual relationships, there is a chance that that might not always be that way? What of those who believe they are homosexual, but have not experienced it physically? The question, ‘are you straight, gay or bi?’ shows no understanding of the spectrum which many believe sexual orientation exists as. As it stands, the phrasing is extremely restrictive as it demands people categorise themselves as one of three things, which simply does not cover the wide range and variety which personal sexuality evokes.
This question is opposed by the Office for National Statistics (ONS), which is responsible for drawing up the census questionnaire, as officials believe the question is redundant because sexuality is so intricate. A spokesman stated that sexual orientation was too complex to be accurately assessed by a single question, and suggested that ‘a suite of questions would be necessary to collect data on the different dimensions of sexual orientation, including attraction, behaviour and identity.’
However, while there are undoubtedly problems concerning conceptual difficulties, and it is clear that the actual phrasing and approach of the question requires some serious work, it is important that previously ignored, invisible and discounted differences between people are now being recognised and catered for on a larger scale. A few decades ago, any deviation from orthodox heterosexuality was illegal, as it still is in many countries. Therefore, any recognition, however crude or misguided, is an improvement as it has the potential to bring about acceptance and equality.
Comments
28th December 2009
8:42 am
The issue of adding a sexuality census option has received mixed responses from the LGBTQ community, and as you’ve said it’s a hugely controversial issue.
Last year, the University Equality and Diversity attempted to implement such an option on accommodation application forms and it was very poorly received by students, being invasive and all. However a sobering fact that I’m constantly reminded of in my work as the Guild’s LGBTQ Officer is that sexuality carries a stigma. For this reason, the LGBTQ does not ask it’s members to complete membership forms or give us any details — short of email addresses for a mailing list — in order to respect their right to privacy. My colleagues and counterparts at other Universities tell me that the reaction is somewhat similar for them too.
However, sexuality in the workplace is an entirely different matter. During my meet-and-greet with the Birmingham LGBT Community Trust in September they were adamant that monitoring the diversity of sexuality in the workplace is crucial for the sake of normalising sexuality. In their exact words, “it stops it from being seen as ‘private’ or ‘dirty’ and not to be discussed; the more comfortable people are with the question the more comfortable they will be answering — gay and straight”. The biggest problem is an inescapable fear that an employee’s sexuality made known to co-workers influences the decisions of their superiors (as with gender, race and religion). The Birmingham LGBT Community Trust take issue with the fact that sexuality is seen as “less important” in respect to the civil duties bill and are very adamant that this should change.
Personally, I’ve never been particularly keen on the Labour attitude that we can solve these problems by overcompensating with positive discrimination. However I’m also not quck to complain about certain instances in cases where it actually solves a problem despite being ethically/morally “wrong”. The way I see it, we’re aiming for “equality” and positive discrimination is — at best — a short term solution which presupposes that a minority is negatively discriminated against to a certain degree. For example, the LGBTQ Committee provides four open places, two of which are reserved strictly for women; one of the first things I questioned when I came into office in August. This approach seems to solve the problem of having an all-gay-male committee with overwhelmingly anti-female attitudes which has caused us problems in the past. However I frequently reevaluate it to ensure that it provides equality — not dominance — for our women members, which is a genuine concern. Hence, I don’t believe it’s a viable long-term solution.
The Community Trust also added that “data collected from the census and any other monitoring helps shape public services and other government functions — which speaks for itself — if we are invisible how can we be served effectively?”. From my work background I can appreciate the need to address issues that a minority group faces in the workplace but no one should be forced to expose themselves for the purposes of “the grander scheme of things” as people have a right to their privacy. The same goes for University; I’ve always had a problem with the need to “come out” in this day and age as if it’s some kind of unexpected abnormality…but that’s my take on it; I can’t speak for everyone.
The final concern is that of data protection. While every precaution can be taken to protect data, there is always a risk of a security breach. No matter what any organisation claims, there is no such thing as “completely secure” in the information age, there are only deterrents against security breaches. What’s worse, if an organisation like the BNP — through some catastrophy — ever did come to power, they’d be able to act on this data in the same way the Nazi’s did when they invaded France.
Overall I can’t deny the usefulness of such data in our society but can’t dismiss the risks. I think sexuality should be added to the census as an “optional” question — and they most certainly should not include a “prefer not to say” option as a means of implementing this. Given that heterosexuality is often assumed by default, being forced to “refuse to answer” rather than simply abstaining is just as invasive as a blunt “straight/gay/bi” question. Anyone asked to answer this question should also be explicitly aware of how their data is going to be used, the legislation mandating it’s protection and the security measures being used to implement such legislation.(Report comment)
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